Table 1 Contraception in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Method | 1-yr failure rate: typical use (%) | 1-yr failure rate: perfect use (%) | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
Male condom | 15 | 2 | Efficacy is not high enough in typical use to use as sole method |
Combined oral contraceptive pill | 8 | 0.1 | Not recommended due to increased thrombotic risk |
Desogetsrel (e.g. Cerazette™) | 8 | 0.1 | Efficacy is reduced in patients receiving bosentan and an additional method is therefore required (e.g. barrier) |
Medroxyprogesterone acetate injection (e.g. Depo-Provera™) | 3 | 0.3 | Increased risk of thrombus compared with other non-oestrogen hormonal methods |
Etonogestrel implant (e.g. Nexplanon™) | 0.05 | 0.05 | Efficacy is reduced in patients receiving bosentan and an additional method is therefore required (e.g. barrier) |
Copper coil | 0.8 | 0.6 | |
Levonorgestrel coil (e.g. Mirena™) | 0.1 | 0.1 | Requires placement in hospital due to the risk of vaso-vagal events. |
Male sterilisation | 0.2 | 0.1 | |
Female sterilisation | 0.5 | 0.5 | Requires laparotomy (ligation) or hysteroscopy (Essure) |